시뮬레이터 훈련: RTO — Engine Fire, Passenger Evacuation

한 줄 요약: 이륙활주 중 Engine Fire → RTO → Fire Eng on Ground checklist → Fire not extinguished → Evacuation checklist 수행

1. 제약 및 핵심 규정

🚨 LIMITATION

RTO 결정은 V1 전에 완료 필수. V1 후 RTO는 “airplane incapable of flight”인 경우만 (FCTM 3.24)

Captain sole responsibility for RTO decision (POM 8.2.1)

Scenario 정의 (FFS TM RQ 3–4)

FFS TM에 정의된 훈련 시나리오 (FFS TM RQ 3, RQ 4):

시점: 이륙활주 중, V1 전 (FFS TM RQ 3)
이벤트: Engine Fire 발생 → RTO 수행 → Fire Eng on Ground checklist → Fire not extinguished → Passenger Evacuation
훈련 목표: RTO 절차 정확성, Fire checklist 수행, Evacuation 의사결정 및 실행 (FFS TM RQ 3)
평가 모듈: Module A — RTO (CAPT: PF, FO: PM) (FFS TM RQ 5)

2. Memory Item & Initial Actions

Phase 1: RTO 수행 (POM 8.2.1–8.2.3)

🚨 RTO CRITERIA

Before 80 kt: fire or fire warning, engine failure, 기타 모든 비정상 (POM 8.2.1) Above 80 kt ~ V1: fire or fire warning, engine failure, predictive windshear warning, airplane unsafe/unable to fly (POM 8.2.1)

Standard Callout (POM 8.2.3)

💬 CALLOUT

PM (이상 인지 시): “ENGINE FIRE” (FCTM 3.24) CAPT: “STOP”

RTO Procedure (POM 8.2.3)

CAPT	F/O
Call “STOP”	Verify actions:
Simultaneously close thrust levers, disconnect autothrottles, verify RTO autobrakes or apply maximum manual wheel brakes	Thrust levers closed, Autothrottles disconnected, Maximum brakes applied. AUTOBRAKE message 시 call “AUTOBRAKE”
RTO autobrakes 선택 시 → monitor, deceleration 부족 시 manual wheel brakes	Reverse thrust applied
Apply reverse thrust up to maximum consistent with conditions	Verify speedbrake lever UP → call “SPEEDBRAKES UP” (not UP → “SPEEDBRAKES NOT UP”)
Verify speedbrakes extended	Verify reverser deploy → call “TWO REVERSE GREEN” (한쪽 미작동 → “LEFT/RIGHT REVERSE GREEN”)
Continue maximum braking until certain airplane will stop	Call out 80 kt, 60 kt (slippery/low vis → 40 kt도 콜)
Field length permitting: reverse idle detent by taxi speed	ATC에 reject decision 통보 (as soon as practical)

Phase 2: 정지 후 초기 조치 (POM 8.2.3)

정지 후 즉시 (POM 8.2.3):

Cabin crew & passengers에게 통보: remain seated 또는 evacuation expected
필요 시 parking brake 설정
Wind direction 고려 (fire가 downwind side에 오도록 위치) (FCTM 3.24)
Fire equipment alerting (POM 8.2.3)
Hot brake hazard → ground crew 통보 (POM 8.2.3)

⚠️ GOTCHA

Parking brake: passenger evacuation이 필요한 경우에만 설정. 불필요 시 미설정 (fuse plug 용융 고려) (POM 8.2.3)

Phase 3: Fire Eng on Ground L, R (QRH Back Cover.2)

Step	Action	Who
1	Thrust levers (both) — Idle	C
2	PARKING BRAKE — Set	C
3	Advise the cabin	C or F/O
4	FUEL CONTROL switch (affected side) — CUTOFF	C
5	Engine fire switch (affected side) — Pull	F/O
6	Engine fire switch (affected side) — Rotate to the stop and hold for 1 second	F/O
7	(Choose one — see decision below)

Decision Point (QRH Back Cover.2):

Condition: One or more of these occur on the ground:

Fire is observed in the affected engine
Fire is detected in the affected engine

→ Evacuation is needed: Go to the Evacuation checklist (QRH Back Cover.4) → Evacuation is not needed: Go to step 8

Step	Action	Who
8	Advise the cabin	C
9	Advise ATC	F/O

💡 KEY TECHNIQUE

이 시나리오에서는 Fire가 not extinguished → Step 7 decision에서 “Evacuation is needed” 분기로 진행

3. Phase 4: Evacuation Checklist (QRH Back Cover.4)

Step	Action	Who
1	PARKING BRAKE — Set	C
2	OUTFLOW VALVE switches (both) — MAN	F/O
3	OUTFLOW VALVE MANUAL switches (both) — Hold in OPEN until outflow valve indications show fully open (depressurize)	F/O
4	FUEL CONTROL switches (both) — CUTOFF	C
5	Advise the cabin to evacuate	C
6	Advise ATC	F/O
7	Engine fire switches (both) — Pull	F/O
8	APU fire switch — Override and pull	F/O
9	If engine or APU fire observed or indicated: Related fire switch — Rotate to the stop and hold for 1 second	F/O

Flight Crew 탈출 절차 (POM 8.2.5)

엔진 정지 후 (POM 8.2.5):

Cabin에서 passenger evacuation 보조
모든 지원 완료 후 entry doors 또는 flight deck number two windows로 탈출 (상황 고려 결정)
승객을 항공기에서 충분히 떨어진 안전 지역으로 이동 — fire/explosion 범위 밖 (POM 8.2.5)
위험이 해소될 때까지 승객의 항공기 복귀 금지 (POM 8.2.5)

4. Decision Tree (POM 8.2, QRH Back Cover)

flowchart TD
    A[이륙활주 중 ENGINE FIRE] --> B{V1 전?}
    B -- Yes --> C["CAPT: STOP → RTO 수행"]
    B -- No --> D["Continue Takeoff → Airborne ENG FIRE 절차"]
    C --> E["정지 → Cabin에 통보"]
    E --> F["Fire Eng on Ground checklist (QRH Back Cover.2)"]
    F --> G["Step 1-6: Idle, Parking brake, CUTOFF, Fire switch Pull + Rotate"]
    G --> H{Fire extinguished?}
    H -- "Yes (Not observed/detected)" --> I["Step 8-9: Advise cabin + ATC, Remain seated"]
    H -- "No (Fire observed or detected)" --> J["Evacuation checklist (QRH Back Cover.4)"]
    J --> K["Depressurize, Both FUEL CUTOFF, Advise cabin to evacuate"]
    K --> L["Both fire switches Pull, APU fire switch Pull"]
    L --> M["Fire still observed → Rotate fire switch"]
    M --> N["Flight crew: 승객 탈출 보조 → 마지막 탈출"]

5. Common Errors (FCTM 3.24)

⚠️ COMMON ERROR

V1 이후 RTO 개시: V1 이후엔 활주로 정지 능력 보장 불가. Historically 가장 빈번한 runway excursion 원인 (FCTM 3.24)

Maximum braking 미사용: RTO 시 maximum braking effort는 일상 운항보다 훨씬 강한 제동. 적극적 사용 필요 (FCTM 3.24)

A/T 미해제: HOLD 전 RTO 시 A/T disconnect 안 하면 thrust lever 복귀. Procedural consistency 위해 모든 RTO에서 A/T disconnect (FCTM 3.24)

Wind direction 미고려: Fire 상태에서 wind downwind side에 fire 배치 실패 (FCTM 3.24)

Parking brake 조기 설정: Evacuation 불필요 시 parking brake 설정하면 fuse plug 용융 위험 증가 (POM 8.2.3)

Evacuation checklist에서 both FUEL CUTOFF 누락: Fire Eng on Ground에선 affected side만 CUTOFF, Evacuation에선 both CUTOFF (QRH Back Cover.4)

6. 평가 기준 (FFS TM RQ 5)

항목	평가 포인트
RTO Decision	V1 전 timely decision, Captain 주도 (FFS TM RQ 5 Module A)
RTO Execution	Maximum braking, reverse thrust, speedbrake 확인 절차
CRM/Callout	PM의 “ENGINE FIRE” call, CAPT “STOP” call, 상호 검증
Fire Checklist	QRH Back Cover.2 순서 정확성, Fire switch 조작
Evacuation Decision	Fire not extinguished → Evacuation 분기 판단
Evacuation Execution	QRH Back Cover.4 순서, Depressurize, Both CUTOFF, Cabin 통보
Crew Coordination	Wind direction 고려, Parking brake 판단, ATC 통보

7. PA Announcement (CA ANN 2-3-3)

RTO 후 기장 방송 (CA ANN Rev22, 2-3-3):

💬 COMM

한국어: “손님 여러분, 저는 기장입니다. 우리 비행기는 ◐ 항공기의 기술적인 이유로 이륙을 중지하였습니다. 이 점 양해해 주시기 바랍니다.” 영어: “Ladies and gentlemen, this is the captain speaking. We were unable to takeoff ◐ for technical reasons. Thank you for your understanding.” (CA ANN 2-3-3)

⚠️ GOTCHA

이 시나리오에서는 Fire not extinguished → PA 방송보다 Evacuation 지시가 우선. PA 여유 없으면 즉시 Evacuation 명령

Cross-References

Windshear Escape Maneuver (POM 8.3) — V1 전 predictive windshear warning도 RTO 사유, 시나리오 구분 참조
PRM Approach & Breakout (FOM S6.10.4) — 동일 RQ 세션(RQ 4)에서 PRM approach 직후 이 시나리오로 전환
Crosswind Takeoff (FCTM 3.12) — 동일 RQ 세션(RQ 4)에서 crosswind takeoff 훈련 포함

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시뮬레이터 훈련: RTO — Engine Fire, Passenger Evacuation

시뮬레이터 훈련: RTO — Engine Fire, Passenger Evacuation

1. 제약 및 핵심 규정

Scenario 정의 (FFS TM RQ 3–4)

2. Memory Item & Initial Actions

Phase 1: RTO 수행 (POM 8.2.1–8.2.3)

Standard Callout (POM 8.2.3)

RTO Procedure (POM 8.2.3)

Phase 2: 정지 후 초기 조치 (POM 8.2.3)

Phase 3: Fire Eng on Ground L, R (QRH Back Cover.2)

3. Phase 4: Evacuation Checklist (QRH Back Cover.4)

Flight Crew 탈출 절차 (POM 8.2.5)

4. Decision Tree (POM 8.2, QRH Back Cover)

5. Common Errors (FCTM 3.24)

6. 평가 기준 (FFS TM RQ 5)

7. PA Announcement (CA ANN 2-3-3)

Cross-References

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