AAR Tailored Circle-to-land — PUS RWY 18L/R (B777)
한 줄 요약: RKPK(김해) VOR DME-A → Circle-to-land RWY 18L/R — RH TURN, LNAV/VNAV 기반, A/P 500ft HAA 이전 해제.
🚨 LIMITATION
“The Tailored visual approach or Charted circle-to-land procedure (e.g. FUK RWY34R, PUS RWY18L/R) shall only be conducted by flight crew who have successfully completed the corresponding training in the simulator.” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
🚨 LIMITATION
“Tailored Procedure should not be used in case of NAV UNABLE RNP (GPS Interference).” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
1. Weather Minima & 자격 요건 (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
- Ceiling 1,700 ft, VIS 3 SM (4,800 m)
자격 요건은 FUK 34R 자격 요건 참조 — 동일 기준 적용.
2. Waypoint 좌표 (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
| WAYPOINT | LATITUDE | LONGITUDE |
|---|---|---|
| KMH18 | N35 06.9 | E128 56.7 |
| KMH22 | N35 09.8 | E128 53.6 |
| KMH30 | N35 11.5 | E128 53.5 |
| KMH32 | N35 13.4 | E128 53.4 |
| KMH34 (RWY18R) | N35 13.5 | E128 55.9 |
| KMH35 (RWY18L) | N35 13.4 | E128 56.0 |
graph TD FAF["FAF<br>(VOR DME-A)"] --> BP["Break Point<br>MA046 / KMH22"] BP -->|"HDG or TRK"| DW["Downwind<br>KMH30"] DW -->|"~6nm, 700-800 FPM"| BT["Base Turn<br>KMH32"] BT -->|"RH TURN"| FN["Final<br>TRK 182°"] FN --> RW["RWY 18R/L"]
3. FMC Setup (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
| FMC | B777 |
|---|---|
| LEG — RTE1 (PRI) | VOR18RA, LOC36L/R |
| LEG — RTE2 (SEC) | RNV18RV |
| FIX page | KMH(310R): missed APP LOC36L/R |
| KMH(284R): missed APP VOR18L/R | |
| KMH(280R): base turn |
4. Recommended Procedures (VOR DME-A Rwy 18L/R) (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
Recommended Lateral Mode
| A/C | Mode |
|---|---|
| B777 | LOC Mode or LNAV MODE |
Configuration before FAF
- L/D configuration 완료 & Before L/D checklist — FAF 전 완료
- FAF 직전, FAF crossing altitude 확보 시 — proper vertical mode로 MDA 1,700 ft 세팅 (V/S or FPA mode)
- Extend landing gear, Set Flaps 20
Between FAF and Break Point [MA046]
- RWY in sight 보고 → TWR에서 “circle to land RWY 18L/R” clearance 발부
- 1,700 ft (MDA) 도달 시 missed approach altitude 6,000 FT 세팅, ALT HOLD
Around Break Point
- Circling approach clearance 취득 후 FF045 통과 시:
- Direct to downwind point (KMH022)
- Activate RTE2, direct KMH22, engage LNAV
- RTE2 page activate 시 first active waypoint 확인 (display magenta)
- KMH022 rollout 후 Extend landing flaps, Before Landing Checklist 수행
On Downwind
- Verify turning point
Descent Point
- KMH30 약 1 nm 전 강하 시작, track mile 약 6 nm
- 700~800 FPM V/S mode (or -3° FPA) 사용
- VNAV PATH POINTER 참조하여 descent rate 조절
⚠️ GOTCHA
“DO NOT forget to initiate base turn at base turning point. If the base turn is delayed, aircraft can get closer to the Terrain and it MUST trigger GPWS warning. If Route Discontinuity has occurred, continue to fly manually via visual ground track, do NOT attempt to reconnect the route.” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
5. Standard Callouts for Base Turning (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
| POSITION | PF | PM |
|---|---|---|
| Abeam End of Runway | ”CHECK" | "ABEAM END OF RUNWAY" |
| "TIME CHECK” (if needed) | “TIME CHECK” (if needed) | |
| Base Turning Point | ”RH TURN, LNAV/NAV” or “RH TURN, HDG/TRK 000" | "BASE TURNING POINT" |
| "LNAV/NAV CHECK” or “RT HDG/TRK 000 CHECK” |
⚠️ GOTCHA — FUK vs PUS 선회 방향
PUS(김해)는 RH TURN (우선회), FUK(후쿠오카)는 LH TURN (좌선회). 혼동 주의.
Base Turn
- LNAV 사용하여 base turn 시작 권장
- Route discontinuity 발생 시 KMH R280에서 turn 시작, visual ground track으로 수동 비행
- Runway track 182° 세팅
- 18R: HDG 090°에서 altitude 1,000 ft 확인 (Due to displaced THR)
💡 RULE
“Auto-pilot can be used until intercepting a normal landing profile, but it must be disengaged before 500 feet HAA.” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
Turning Final (Runway Alignment)
- Primary Lateral Reference: Visual Reference
- F/D commands를 따르지 않을 경우 both F/Ds OFF → PM’s F/D ON
- 강한 crosswind 시 Rwy 18R과 18L 혼동 주의 — 양쪽 활주로 모두 확인 후 18R에 정렬
💡 RULE
“PAPI on the right of Rwy 18R is offset by 12 degrees to the west for aircraft on the base leg in order to approach effectively.” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
🚨 LIMITATION
“If A/C is not aligned with runway below 300 ft or bank angle greater than 10 degree is required, the pilot shall initiate Go-Around.” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
6. Missed Approach (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
- Visual reference 상실 시 아래 절차 수행
► Before turning base: Climb to join missed approach course (LOC: KMH 310R, VOR: KMH 284R) with maintaining downwind track. (Consulted with GIMHAE ATC Authorities)
► After initiating base turn: Climbing turn towards landing runway → join missed approach course (LOC: KMH 310R, VOR: KMH 284R)
- Missed approach flap setting 유지 — missed approach course에 established 될 때까지
💡 RULE
“When crews make a missed approach, do not use LNAV/NAV because missed approach track is not loaded in the FMC.” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
7. Supplementary — LOC Rwy 36L/R Circle-to-land (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
VOR DME-A 외에 LOC 36L/R → Circle-to-land 18L/R 절차도 가능:
| 항목 | B777 |
|---|---|
| Lateral Mode | LOC Mode or LNAV MODE |
| FAF 전 Configuration | Extend landing gear, Set Flaps 20, MDA 세팅 |
| Break Point 후 | circling approach clearance → direct KMH022, Activate RTE2 + LNAV |
| After rollout KMH022 | Extend landing flaps, Before Landing Checklist |
나머지 절차(Downwind, Descent Point, Callout, Turning Final, Missed Approach)는 VOR DME-A Rwy 18L/R과 동일.
⚠️ GOTCHA
“Rwy 18 circling approach is often instructed during spring season, so pilots shall be familiarized with the procedure before flight.” (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
⚠️ GOTCHA
Gimhae Tech Center taxi 시 Twy W3 사용 필수 — Twy W2 부근 ramp 협소, 정비/run-up/주기 항공기로 인해 wingtip/body clearance 미보장. W2 진입 시 자력 택시 불가, 엔진 정지 후 토잉카 대기 필요. (운항표준정보 FSI-25-008R2)
Cross-References
- AAR Tailored FUK RWY 34R (B777) — 후쿠오카 tailored visual approach (동일 운항표준정보, LH TURN)
- Visual Approach & Traffic Pattern — FOM/POM 일반 Visual Approach 규정, circling speed 제한
- FFS RQ3 Lesson 3 Profile — FFS 훈련 시나리오
- T — F/D Both OFF → PM ON 원리